Region:Asia PacificCurrent UN Women Plan Period Afghanisthan:2018-2022
World Bank Income Classification:Low IncomeThe World Bank classifies economies for analytical purposes into four income groups: low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high income. For this purpose it uses gross national income (GNI) per capita data in U.S. dollars, converted from local currency using the World Bank Atlas method, which is applied to smooth exchange rate fluctuations.Least Developed Country:YesSince 1971, the United Nations has recognized LDCs as a category of States that are deemed highly disadvantaged in their development process, for structural, historical and also geographical reasons. Three criteria are used: per capita income, human assets, and economic vulnerability.Gender Inequality Index:0.575GII is a composite metric of gender inequality using three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market. A low GII value indicates low inequality between women and men, and vice-versa.Gender Development Index:0.723GDI measures gender inequalities in achievement in three basic dimensions of human development: health, education, and command over economic resources.
Population:209,497,025Source of population data: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects: The 2022 RevisionMale:19,976,265 (9.5%)Female:189,520,760 (90.5%)
State and non-state actors and communities collaborate with women and girls in all their diversity, in promoting zero tolerance of harmful gender (and other) stereotypes, discriminatory social norms and all forms of VAWG.
SP_D_0.3.1
Data reported for 2022 results against this indicator was obtained as part of a learning process on social norms and therefore may not accurately reflect the results obtained. Internal reviews of data collected on social norms across relevant indicators, coupled with external reviews, are informing the design of UN Women’s principled approach to social & gender norms change. This will be reflected in changes to the indicators to be introduced in the Mid-Term Review of the Strategic Plan.
SP_D_0.3.1
Country
Extent of bias in gender equality attitudes and/or gender social norms among individuals (CO)
Complementary indicators are identified as those in the results framework
that are not repeated verbatim in the results framework of another United Nations entity, but are related or provide
different but complementary lenses or insights into the same issue, high-level result and/or area of complementary work,
such as a Sustainable Development Goal target.
Complementary
2023
Resultn/a
SP_D_0.3.1
Country
0
Baseline
--
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
--
Result
n/an/a
2024
Milestone
--
Result
--
2025
Target
--
Result
--
SP_D_3.1
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
SP_D_3.1
Country
SDG 5.2.1: Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual, or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age (Desk Review)
SDG
Common indicators are those that appear verbatim the same in at least two
entities' results frameworks and are drawn, where possible, directly from other globally agreed frameworks.
Common
Complementary indicators are identified as those in the results framework
that are not repeated verbatim in the results framework of another United Nations entity, but are related or provide
different but complementary lenses or insights into the same issue, high-level result and/or area of complementary work,
such as a Sustainable Development Goal target.
Complementary
2023
Result-
SP_D_3.1
Country
2021
Baseline
20.220.2
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
19.219.2
Result
--
2024
Milestone
18.218.2
Result
--
2025
Target
17.217.2
Result
--
output
APA_D_1.2.1
SP_D_0.3.b
Data reported for 2022 results against this indicator was obtained as part of a learning process on social norms and therefore may not accurately reflect the results obtained. Internal reviews of data collected on social norms across relevant indicators, coupled with external reviews, are informing the design of UN Women’s principled approach to social & gender norms change. This will be reflected in changes to the indicators to be introduced in the Mid-Term Review of the Strategic Plan. In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
SP_D_0.3.b
Country
Number of community or organizational level UN Women programmes that address behaviour and/or social/gender norms –using evidence/practice-based methodologies (CO, HQ)
2023
Result-
SP_D_0.3.b
Country
2021
Baseline
1717
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
2222
Result
--
2024
Milestone
1515
Result
--
2025
Target
1515
Result
--
SP_D_0.3.f
SP_D_0.3.f
Country
Number of countries with a process to design and implement VAW prevention strategies, or with VAW prevention interventions based on global norms and standards (CO)
Women and girls in all their diversity, benefit equally from opportunities, goods, services and resources, in full enjoyment of their social and economic rights and freedoms
SP_D_0.4.3
SP_D_0.4.3
Country
Number of countries where multi-sectoral systems, strategies or programs are implemented to advance women’s equal access to and use of services, goods and/resources, including social protection (CO)
Complementary indicators are identified as those in the results framework
that are not repeated verbatim in the results framework of another United Nations entity, but are related or provide
different but complementary lenses or insights into the same issue, high-level result and/or area of complementary work,
such as a Sustainable Development Goal target.
Complementary
2023
ResultFALSE
SP_D_0.4.3
Country
0
Baseline
--
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
--
Result
FALSEFALSE
2024
Milestone
--
Result
--
2025
Target
--
Result
--
output
APA_D_1.3.1
SP_D_0.4.a
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
SP_D_0.4.a
Country
Number of institutions with strengthened capacities to improve the provision of essential services, goods and/or resources for women (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result-
SP_D_0.4.a
Country
2021
Baseline
00
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
33
Result
--
2024
Milestone
55
Result
--
2025
Target
66
Result
--
SP_D_0.4.c
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
SP_D_0.4.c
Country
Number of women’s organizations with increased capacities to deliver and/or monitor the quality of services, resources and goods for women in humanitarian and development settings (CO, HQ)
2023
Result-
SP_D_0.4.c
Country
2021
Baseline
55
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
1010
Result
--
2024
Milestone
1515
Result
--
2025
Target
2525
Result
--
SP_D_0.4.e
SP_D_0.4.e
Country
Number of countries with multi stakeholder initiatives in place to prevent and respond to sexual violence including sexual harassment in public and/or private spaces (CO, HQ)
2023
Result-
SP_D_0.4.e
Country
2022
Baseline
11
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
11
Result
--
2024
Milestone
33
Result
--
2025
Target
55
Result
--
output
APA_D_1.3.2
SP_D_0.4.a
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
SP_D_0.4.a
Country
Number of institutions with strengthened capacities to improve the provision of essential services, goods and/or resources for women (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result34
SP_D_0.4.a
Country
2021
Baseline
2222
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
6464
Result
3434
2024
Milestone
6565
Result
--
2025
Target
6565
Result
--
SP_D_0.4.b
SP_D_0.4.b
Country
Number of countries supported to develop and/or implement guidelines, protocols and standard operating procedures to strengthen EVAWG services in line with the Essential Services Package (CO)
2023
ResultFALSE
SP_D_0.4.b
Country
0
Baseline
--
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
--
Result
FALSEFALSE
2024
Milestone
--
Result
--
2025
Target
--
Result
--
output
APA_D_1.3.3
SP_D_0.4.a
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
SP_D_0.4.a
Country
Number of institutions with strengthened capacities to improve the provision of essential services, goods and/or resources for women (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result21
SP_D_0.4.a
Country
2022
Baseline
77
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
22
Result
2121
2024
Milestone
00
Result
--
2025
Target
00
Result
--
SP_D_0.4.e
SP_D_0.4.e
Country
Number of countries with multi stakeholder initiatives in place to prevent and respond to sexual violence including sexual harassment in public and/or private spaces (CO, HQ)
Women and girls in all their diversity, and representatives of the women’s rights movement, exercise their leadership, voice and agency, without fear of retaliation, in development and crises-affected contexts.
SP_D_0.5.4
SP_D_0.5.4
Country
Level of influence of civil society organizations working on gender equality and women's empowerment, including women’s organizations, in key normative, policy and peace processes (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result- Total number of policies/processes supported: 14 - Type of policies/processes supported by level 1:1, level 2:5, level 3:7, level 4:1, level 5:0
SP_D_0.5.4
Country
2010
Baseline
N/AN/A
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
N/AN/A
Result
- Total number of policies/processes supported: 14 - Type of policies/processes supported by level 1:1, level 2:5, level 3:7, level 4:1, level 5:0- Total number of policies/processes supported: 14 - Type of policies/processes supported by level 1:1, level 2:5, level 3:7, level 4:1, level 5:0
2024
Milestone
--
Result
--
2025
Target
--
Result
--
output
APA_D_1.4.1
SP_D_0.5.a
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
SP_D_0.5.a
Country
Amount of funding disbursed annually in support of civil society organizations, especially women’s organizations, working towards the achievement of gender equality and women's empowerment, through UN-Women programmes and grant-giving (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result167000
SP_D_0.5.a
Country
2021
Baseline
00
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
500000500000
Result
167000167000
2024
Milestone
500000500000
Result
--
2025
Target
500000500000
Result
--
SP_D_0.5.c
SP_D_0.5.c
Country
Number of dialogues, mechanisms, platforms and/or coalitions created and sustained that enable meaningful and safe participation and engagement by gender equality advocates and civil society organizations working on gender equality and women's empowerment, especially women’s organizations, in decision-making (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result2
SP_D_0.5.c
Country
2021
Baseline
2525
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
5151
Result
22
2024
Milestone
6161
Result
--
2025
Target
7171
Result
--
SP_D_0.5.d
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
SP_D_0.5.d
Country
Number of civil society organizations working on gender equality and women's empowerment, especially women’s organizations, that have strengthened capacity to exercise their leadership role towards the achievement of gender equality and women’s empowerment (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result47
SP_D_0.5.d
Country
2021
Baseline
1515
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
3535
Result
4747
2024
Milestone
5555
Result
--
2025
Target
7575
Result
--
SP_D_0.5.e
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
SP_D_0.5.e
Country
Number of women and girls, including women and girls living with and/or affected by HIV, with increased capacities to participate in public life and exercise leadership (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result-
SP_D_0.5.e
Country
2022
Baseline
00
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
250250
Result
--
2024
Milestone
750750
Result
--
2025
Target
12501250
Result
--
output
APA_D_1.4.2
SP_D_0.5.a
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
SP_D_0.5.a
Country
Amount of funding disbursed annually in support of civil society organizations, especially women’s organizations, working towards the achievement of gender equality and women's empowerment, through UN-Women programmes and grant-giving (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result60000
SP_D_0.5.a
Country
2021
Baseline
211180211180
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
6000060000
Result
6000060000
2024
Milestone
6000060000
Result
--
2025
Target
00
Result
--
SP_D_0.5.c
SP_D_0.5.c
Country
Number of dialogues, mechanisms, platforms and/or coalitions created and sustained that enable meaningful and safe participation and engagement by gender equality advocates and civil society organizations working on gender equality and women's empowerment, especially women’s organizations, in decision-making (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result4
SP_D_0.5.c
Country
2021
Baseline
00
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
11
Result
44
2024
Milestone
11
Result
--
2025
Target
11
Result
--
SP_D_0.5.d
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
SP_D_0.5.d
Country
Number of civil society organizations working on gender equality and women's empowerment, especially women’s organizations, that have strengthened capacity to exercise their leadership role towards the achievement of gender equality and women’s empowerment (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result4
SP_D_0.5.d
Country
2022
Baseline
44
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
55
Result
44
2024
Milestone
55
Result
--
2025
Target
55
Result
--
SP_D_0.5.e
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
SP_D_0.5.e
Country
Number of women and girls, including women and girls living with and/or affected by HIV, with increased capacities to participate in public life and exercise leadership (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result-
SP_D_0.5.e
Country
2022
Baseline
00
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
450450
Result
--
2024
Milestone
500500
Result
--
2025
Target
500500
Result
--
output
APA_D_1.4.3
SP_D_0.5.c
SP_D_0.5.c
Country
Number of dialogues, mechanisms, platforms and/or coalitions created and sustained that enable meaningful and safe participation and engagement by gender equality advocates and civil society organizations working on gender equality and women's empowerment, especially women’s organizations, in decision-making (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result7
SP_D_0.5.c
Country
2022
Baseline
22
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
33
Result
77
2024
Milestone
33
Result
--
2025
Target
33
Result
--
SP_D_0.5.d
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
SP_D_0.5.d
Country
Number of civil society organizations working on gender equality and women's empowerment, especially women’s organizations, that have strengthened capacity to exercise their leadership role towards the achievement of gender equality and women’s empowerment (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result24
SP_D_0.5.d
Country
2021
Baseline
00
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
11
Result
2424
2024
Milestone
33
Result
--
2025
Target
33
Result
--
output
APA_D_1.4.4
SP_D_0.5.c
SP_D_0.5.c
Country
Number of dialogues, mechanisms, platforms and/or coalitions created and sustained that enable meaningful and safe participation and engagement by gender equality advocates and civil society organizations working on gender equality and women's empowerment, especially women’s organizations, in decision-making (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result8
SP_D_0.5.c
Country
2021
Baseline
00
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
22
Result
88
2024
Milestone
22
Result
--
2025
Target
22
Result
--
SP_D_0.5.d
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
SP_D_0.5.d
Country
Number of civil society organizations working on gender equality and women's empowerment, especially women’s organizations, that have strengthened capacity to exercise their leadership role towards the achievement of gender equality and women’s empowerment (CO, RO, HQ)
Both state and non-state actors contribute to the production, analyses and leveraging of gender statistics and sex-disaggregated data to inform decision-making, budgeting, monitoring and reporting on normative commitments to advance gender equality and women’s empowerment
SP_D_0.6.2
SP_D_0.6.2
Country
Number of national plans and strategies that integrate gender statistics as an objective or strategy (CO, RO, HQ)
Complementary indicators are identified as those in the results framework
that are not repeated verbatim in the results framework of another United Nations entity, but are related or provide
different but complementary lenses or insights into the same issue, high-level result and/or area of complementary work,
such as a Sustainable Development Goal target.
Complementary
2023
Result-
SP_D_0.6.2
Country
2022
Baseline
00
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
11
Result
--
2024
Milestone
22
Result
--
2025
Target
22
Result
--
SP_D_0.6.3
SP_D_0.6.3
Country
Number of countries demonstrating use of gender statistics, analysis, and policy relevant research (CO, RO, HQ)
Complementary indicators are identified as those in the results framework
that are not repeated verbatim in the results framework of another United Nations entity, but are related or provide
different but complementary lenses or insights into the same issue, high-level result and/or area of complementary work,
such as a Sustainable Development Goal target.
Complementary
2023
Result-
SP_D_0.6.3
Country
0
Baseline
--
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
--
Result
--
2024
Milestone
--
Result
--
2025
Target
--
Result
--
output
APA_D_1.5.1
SP_D_0.6.a
SP_D_0.6.a
Country
Number of inter-agency coordination mechanisms governing the production of multi-level disaggregated gender statistics and sex-disaggregated data, established or strengthened (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result1
SP_D_0.6.a
Country
2021
Baseline
11
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
22
Result
11
2024
Milestone
22
Result
--
2025
Target
22
Result
--
output
APA_D_1.5.2
SP_D_0.6.b
SP_D_0.6.b
Country
Number of data producers and users with strengthened capacities in the collection, analysis, dissemination and use of gender statistics (CO)
The UN regional development and humanitarian architecture strengthens collective and coordinated action to advance gender equality and the empowerment of women in its planning, resourcing and partnerships, in development and crises-affected contexts.
SP_D_0.7.2
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
SP_D_0.7.2
Country
Percentage of UNCTs that conducted the comprehensive UNCT-SWAP Gender Equality Scorecard in the past four years, and met or exceeded requirements for at least 60% of UNCT-SWAP standards (derived from QCPR indicator 1.4.15) (Desk Review)
2023
Result-
SP_D_0.7.2
Country
2022
Baseline
12.512.5
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
1818
Result
--
2024
Milestone
2525
Result
--
2025
Target
3131
Result
--
SP_D_0.7.3
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
SP_D_0.7.3
Country
Percentage of UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Frameworks that have: a) a dedicated gender equality outcome; and/or b) that mainstream gender equality perspectives across Cooperation Framework outcomes (derived from QCPR indicator 1.4.16) (Desk Review)
2023
Result-
SP_D_0.7.3
Country
2021
Baseline
37.537.5
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
43.7543.75
Result
--
2024
Milestone
5050
Result
--
2025
Target
56.2556.25
Result
--
SP_D_0.7.6
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
SP_D_0.7.6
Country
Percentage of HCT response plans and strategies that demonstrate the integration of gender equality (Desk Review)
2023
Result-
SP_D_0.7.6
Country
2021
Baseline
1616
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
8080
Result
--
2024
Milestone
100100
Result
--
2025
Target
100100
Result
--
SP_D_0.7.7
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
SP_D_0.7.7
Country
Number of UN entities implementing disaster risk reduction, resilience or recovery initiatives with a focus on gender equality and women´s empowerment (Desk Review)
Complementary indicators are identified as those in the results framework
that are not repeated verbatim in the results framework of another United Nations entity, but are related or provide
different but complementary lenses or insights into the same issue, high-level result and/or area of complementary work,
such as a Sustainable Development Goal target.
Complementary
2023
Result-
SP_D_0.7.7
Country
2022
Baseline
11
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
22
Result
--
2024
Milestone
33
Result
--
2025
Target
44
Result
--
output
APA_D_1.6.1
SP_D_0.7.a
SP_D_0.7.a
Country
Number of thematic interagency mechanisms/teams that effectively address gender mainstreaming in priority areas (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result3
SP_D_0.7.a
Country
2022
Baseline
55
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
66
Result
33
2024
Milestone
66
Result
--
2025
Target
77
Result
--
SP_D_0.7.b
SP_D_0.7.b
Country
GLOBAL/UNIT: Number of UN System coordination mechanisms in which UN-Women is actively engaged that drive progress on gender mainstreaming mandates and commitments at global, regional and country levels
2023
Result8
SP_D_0.7.b
Country
2022
Baseline
88
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
88
Result
88
2024
Milestone
88
Result
--
2025
Target
99
Result
--
SP_D_0.7.c
SP_D_0.7.c
Country
Number of interagency products or services with a focus on gender equality and women's empowerment developed and made available (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result11
SP_D_0.7.c
Country
2022
Baseline
123123
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
1010
Result
1111
2024
Milestone
1010
Result
--
2025
Target
1010
Result
--
SP_D_0.7.d
SP_D_0.7.d
Country
Percentage of UN Joint-Programmes with a focus on gender equality in which UN-Women participates as a Participating United Nations Organization (derived from QCPR indicator 1.4.17) (CO, RO)
2023
Result4
SP_D_0.7.d
Country
2022
Baseline
33
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
33
Result
44
2024
Milestone
33
Result
--
2025
Target
33
Result
--
output
APA_D_1.6.2
SP_D_0.7.a
SP_D_0.7.a
Country
Number of thematic interagency mechanisms/teams that effectively address gender mainstreaming in priority areas (CO, RO, HQ)
2023
Result3
SP_D_0.7.a
Country
2022
Baseline
22
2022
Milestone
--
Result
--
2023
Milestone
22
Result
33
2024
Milestone
22
Result
--
2025
Target
22
Result
--
SP_D_0.7.c
SP_D_0.7.c
Country
Number of interagency products or services with a focus on gender equality and women's empowerment developed and made available (CO, RO, HQ)
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).