World Bank Income Classification:Low Income
The World Bank classifies economies for analytical purposes into four income groups: low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high income. For this purpose it uses gross national income (GNI) per capita data in U.S. dollars, converted from local currency using the World Bank Atlas method, which is applied to smooth exchange rate fluctuations.
Least Developed Country:Yes
Since 1971, the United Nations has recognized LDCs as a category of States that are deemed highly disadvantaged in their development process, for structural, historical and also geographical reasons. Three criteria are used: per capita income, human assets, and economic vulnerability.
Gender Inequality Index:0.575
GII is a composite metric of gender inequality using three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market. A low GII value indicates low inequality between women and men, and vice-versa.
Gender Development Index:0.723
GDI measures gender inequalities in achievement in three basic dimensions of human development: health, education, and command over economic resources.
Population:209,497,025
Source of population data: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision
Male:19,976,265 (9.5%)
Female:189,520,760 (90.5%)
(Link to SN Output 1.1 and 1.2) Relative poverty and multi-dimensional poverty are reduced, and more coordinated development leads to reduction in gaps between rural and urban areas and among regions, as more people in China, including left-behind groups, benefit from sustainable, innovation-driven and shared high-quality economic development, with enhanced access to economic opportunities arising through innovation, entrepreneurship and rural revitalization, enjoying decent work, sustainable livelihoods, and the right to develop equally for both women and men.
This Outcome links to SN Output 1.1 and 1.2. The outcome focuses on strengthening the role and capacity of women entrepreneurs with access to skills development, market, networking and funding opportunities, and ensure better representation of women entrepreneurs (including women startups from Tier 3 and Tier 4 cities, women-led MSMEs who are hit hardest by COVID-19) in the economic recovery process to contribute to foster a more inclusive and high-quality economic development equally for women and men.
(Link to SN Output 1.1 and 1.2) Relative poverty and multi-dimensional poverty are reduced, and more coordinated development leads to reduction in gaps between rural and urban areas and among regions, as more people in China, including left-behind groups, benefit from sustainable, innovation-driven and shared high-quality economic development, with enhanced access to economic opportunities arising through innovation, entrepreneurship and rural revitalization, enjoying decent work, sustainable livelihoods, and the right to develop equally for both women and men.
Complementary indicators are identified as those in the results framework that are not repeated verbatim in the results framework of another United Nations entity, but are related or provide different but complementary lenses or insights into the same issue, high-level result and/or area of complementary work, such as a Sustainable Development Goal target.
Complementary
Data reported for 2022 results against this indicator was obtained as part of a learning process on social norms and therefore may not accurately reflect the results obtained. Internal reviews of data collected on social norms across relevant indicators, coupled with external reviews, are informing the design of UN Women’s principled approach to social & gender norms change. This will be reflected in changes to the indicators to be introduced in the Mid-Term Review of the Strategic Plan.
Complementary indicators are identified as those in the results framework that are not repeated verbatim in the results framework of another United Nations entity, but are related or provide different but complementary lenses or insights into the same issue, high-level result and/or area of complementary work, such as a Sustainable Development Goal target.
Complementary
Data reported for 2022 results against this indicator was obtained as part of a learning process on social norms and therefore may not accurately reflect the results obtained. Internal reviews of data collected on social norms across relevant indicators, coupled with external reviews, are informing the design of UN Women’s principled approach to social & gender norms change. This will be reflected in changes to the indicators to be introduced in the Mid-Term Review of the Strategic Plan.
Complementary indicators are identified as those in the results framework that are not repeated verbatim in the results framework of another United Nations entity, but are related or provide different but complementary lenses or insights into the same issue, high-level result and/or area of complementary work, such as a Sustainable Development Goal target.
Complementary
Complementary indicators are identified as those in the results framework that are not repeated verbatim in the results framework of another United Nations entity, but are related or provide different but complementary lenses or insights into the same issue, high-level result and/or area of complementary work, such as a Sustainable Development Goal target.
Complementary
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
Complementary indicators are identified as those in the results framework that are not repeated verbatim in the results framework of another United Nations entity, but are related or provide different but complementary lenses or insights into the same issue, high-level result and/or area of complementary work, such as a Sustainable Development Goal target.
Complementary
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
Common indicators are those that appear verbatim the same in at least two entities' results frameworks and are drawn, where possible, directly from other globally agreed frameworks.
Common
Complementary indicators are identified as those in the results framework that are not repeated verbatim in the results framework of another United Nations entity, but are related or provide different but complementary lenses or insights into the same issue, high-level result and/or area of complementary work, such as a Sustainable Development Goal target.
Complementary
Relative poverty and multi-dimensional poverty are reduced, and more coordinated development leads to reduction in gaps between rural and urban areas and among regions, as more people in China, including left-behind groups, benefit from sustainable, innovation-driven and shared high-quality economic development, with enhanced access to economic opportunities arising through innovation, entrepreneurship and rural revitalization, enjoying decent work, sustainable livelihoods, and the right to develop equally for both women and men. (UNSDCF Outcome 1)
In 2022, a joint study by China’s Ministry of Finance, the Development Rese arch Center (DRC) of the State Council, and the World Bank reported that more than 768 million people were lifted out of poverty , with the h eadcount ratio dropping 8.5% to 0.6% in the period between 2013-2019 . 4 China had reached its goal of pulling all 98.99 mill ion rural people out of poverty by 2020. In 2021, the government announced a shift from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization, emphasizing the priorities it places on addressing vulnerabilities faced by the rural population. 5 New data released in 2023 suggests progress to ward addressing ongoing disparities in rural areas: “ the per capita disposable income of rural residents that had been lifted out o f poverty increased by 7.5% year-on-year, and the per capita net income of the population that has escaped poverty grew by 14.3% year-on-year. ” 6 The government further reports that financial accessibility for mic ro and small enterprises has been improved; data released in 2023 indicates that, by the end of 2022, “ the balance of inclusive loans to MSEs nationwide was RMB 23.8 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 23.8%. ” 7 In 2023, UN Women China has made significant progress towards the intended outcome results. UN Women has worked to benefit women owned MSMEs, through capacity development, especially on digital literacy and enhancing their access to financial services and marketsA virtual women MSMEs training hub with eleven online training modules on gender equality and entrepreneurial skills was developed in collaboration with government partners for women MSMEs to learn at their own pace. Over 375,900 people participated in the digital training activities and opportunities for knowledge exchange. In Hunan, through UN Women and IFAD’s joint ‘ Hunan Rural Revitalization Demonstration Project ’, a total of 108,809 rural people, including 49,442 rural women benefited from technical and financial support to their agri-business development, inclusive public services on climate adaption and disaster risk reduction, and climate-smart infrastructure. To date, the project has directly benefited 153,736 rural people, including 44.8% rural women and 43.5% ethnic minorities. The project has granted approximately USD 95,000 to support 43 women-led start-up businesses. In Qinghai, through the new ‘ Women-led Rural Community Renewable Energy Transition and Governance Project ’, members from 7 women-led agricultural cooperations obtained technical training on renewable energy technology, e-commerce and finance, and gender equality. UN Women supported the development of Sanjiangyuan Female Environmentalist Network. One of their pioneers, Bayang, is recognized as one of the 2023 ‘ BBC 100 Women ’, to acknowledge her contribution to tackling climate changes. UN Women China supported a multifaceted approach for promoting transformative interventions around the care economy, including strengthening the evidence base for effective interventions, raising public awareness of key issues and possible solutions, and developing partnerships with diverse stakeholders for sustainable, effective action. UN Women China and the International Labour Organization China and Mongolia jointly finalized and published a study Care Work in China: Who Does Care Work, What is Its Economic Value and How Has it Been Affected by COVID-19? . The study was conducted to better understand care work and the economy of care in China and to present policy recommendations to strengthen the societal reorganization of care to help shape a more equal and inclusive society. This research provides a strong foundation for evidence-based policy advocacy efforts and programming interventions aimed at addressing unpaid care work. Building on the evidence, UN Women signed a two-year Memorandum of Understanding with the Women’s General Association of Macau (WGAM) in November of 2023. UN Women, as a technical advisory partner to the WGAM, aims to jointly incentivize care economy actors using the “5R” Framework in Macau, with the potential to expand to the Greater Bay Area. The MOU was launched through WeCare Immersive Exhibition that attracted over 40,000 onsite visitors and 60,000 participations online. Building on previous partnerships and results, UN Women and EU kicked off the project Women in Motion, aiming to enhance women migrant worker’s decent work and career development in Guangdong, one of the provinces with the largest migrant population in China. Working with ILO, and national partners including China Enterprise Confederation, Guangdong Enterprise Association, China Electronics Standardization Association and China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, the project is expected to benefit 10,000 women in 100 factories/companies in the textile, automobile and ICT sectors. To enhance understanding and inform advocacy efforts, a total of 6 knowledge products were developed under WEE programmes, including online training course ‘ Promoting Gender Equality in Rural Revitalization’ ; ‘ Providing Innovative and Gender-responsive Digital Support to smallholder farmers In China’ ; ‘ the Gendered Distribution and Perception of Unpaid Care Work in China ’; ‘ Creating a Diverse, Equal and Inclusive Workplace’ training manual ; Care Work in China: Who Does Care Work, What is Its Economic Value and How Has it Been Affected by COVID-19? ; and a Multi-country study on women-led MSMEs, with a focus on microenterprises in China, Indonesia, Thailand, Rwanda and Uganda.Disclaimer and notes
References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).