Region:Asia PacificCurrent UN Women Plan Period Afghanisthan:2018-2022
World Bank Income Classification:Low IncomeThe World Bank classifies economies for analytical purposes into four income groups: low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high income. For this purpose it uses gross national income (GNI) per capita data in U.S. dollars, converted from local currency using the World Bank Atlas method, which is applied to smooth exchange rate fluctuations.Least Developed Country:YesSince 1971, the United Nations has recognized LDCs as a category of States that are deemed highly disadvantaged in their development process, for structural, historical and also geographical reasons. Three criteria are used: per capita income, human assets, and economic vulnerability.Gender Inequality Index:0.575GII is a composite metric of gender inequality using three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market. A low GII value indicates low inequality between women and men, and vice-versa.Gender Development Index:0.723GDI measures gender inequalities in achievement in three basic dimensions of human development: health, education, and command over economic resources.
Population:209,497,025Source of population data: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects: The 2022 RevisionMale:19,976,265 (9.5%)Female:189,520,760 (90.5%)
SP_D_3.1
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
SDG 5.2.1: Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual, or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age (Desk Review)
SP 4.11.3: Number of countries supported by UN-Women to improve guidelines, protocols, standard operating procedures (in line with best practices) on the provision of quality services for victims and survivors
Number of countries supported to develop and/or implement guidelines, protocols and standard operating procedures to strengthen EVAWG services in line with the Essential Services Package (CO)
Girls voice , goverment and agencies strengthened to advocate to improve girls's acces to quality education services
SP_D_0.3.f
Number of countries with a process to design and implement VAW prevention strategies, or with VAW prevention interventions based on global norms and standards (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.4.a
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
Number of institutions with strengthened capacities to improve the provision of essential services, goods and/or resources for women (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.4.e
Number of countries with multi stakeholder initiatives in place to prevent and respond to sexual violence including sexual harassment in public and/or private spaces (CO)
Women agricultural producers have better access to productive resources adapted to the arid climate and to markets to improve their income in a sustainable way
SP_D_0.2.4
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
Number of innovative financing instruments introduced that include gender equality objectives (Desk Review)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.4.2
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
SP_D_2.1
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
SDG 5.4.1: Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by sex, age and location (Desk Review)
SP_D_2.2
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
SDG 8.3.1 Proportion of informal employment in total employment, by sector and sex (Desk Review)
SP 3.10.1: Number of new and/or improved gender-responsive policies on land developed and/or being implemented with the support of UN-Women
2017 (B)1N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_2.3B
SP 3.10.2: Number of rural women supported to gain access, use and/or control of productive resources by UN-Women
2017 (B)5000N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_2.3C
SP 3.10.3: Number of countries that use the Buy from Women Platform to connect women farmers to information, markets and/or finance (info might still be collected through RMS)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_4.4
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
SDG 1.5.1, 11.5.1, 13.1.1: Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (Desk Review)
rural women and young men are aware of the risks associated with migration
SP_D_0.4.a
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
Number of institutions with strengthened capacities to improve the provision of essential services, goods and/or resources for women (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.6.d
Number of platforms/web-based databases for dissemination of multi-level disaggregated gender statistics, sex-disaggregated data and knowledge developed (CO)
More marginalised women and young girls access and benefit from financial and other recovery policies/ stimulus package
SP_D_0.6.a
Number of inter-agency coordination mechanisms governing the production of multi-level disaggregated gender statistics and sex-disaggregated data, established or strengthened (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.6.b
Number of data producers and users with strengthened capacities in the collection, analysis, dissemination and use of gender statistics (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.6.c
Number of gender statistics and sex-disaggregated data collection initiatives, including in emerging areas conducted or analyzed (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.6.d
Number of platforms/web-based databases for dissemination of multi-level disaggregated gender statistics, sex-disaggregated data and knowledge developed (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.6.e
Number of countries with institutionalized user-producer dialogues to increase accessibility, quality and demand for multi-level disaggregated gender statistics, sex-disaggregated data and knowledge (CO)
Program activities/outcomes are better monitored and the capacities of the Kandadji Dam Agency and its partners are strengthened on gender
SP_D_0.1.e
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.1.f
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.1.h
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
Number of multi-stakeholder dialogue processes to promote engagement of governments with civil society and other partners to advance gender equality and women's empowerment (CO, RO, HQ)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.2.a
Number of partners with capacities to integrate gender equality into fiscal laws/policies/standards (CO, RO, HQ)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.2.c
Number of national partners with capacities to apply Gender Responsive Budgeting tools in the budget cycle (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.2.d
Number of tools introduced that support innovative financing and accountability, including related to digital financing, for gender equality (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.6.c
Number of gender statistics and sex-disaggregated data collection initiatives, including in emerging areas conducted or analyzed (CO)
Rural women and youth in agricultural value chains have access to climate-resilient productive assets tailored to their needs, including access to land, quality inputs, water and energy, to increase their productivity
SP_D_0.2.a
Number of partners with capacities to integrate gender equality into fiscal laws/policies/standards (CO, RO, HQ)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.2.c
Number of national partners with capacities to apply Gender Responsive Budgeting tools in the budget cycle (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.2.d
Number of tools introduced that support innovative financing and accountability, including related to digital financing, for gender equality (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.3.b
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.4.a
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
Number of institutions with strengthened capacities to improve the provision of essential services, goods and/or resources for women (CO)
The number of small and medium scale agro-processing units as well as multifunctional platforms (MFPs) with renewable energy sources have increased and are strengthened in order to increase women's income and alleviate domestic work
SP_D_0.4.d
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
Number of women accessing information, goods, resources and/or services through UNW supported platforms and programs in humanitarian and development settings (CO)
National and local disaster risk reduction mechanisms integrate the specific and strategic needs of women and girls from a gender-sensitive perspective to strengthen the resilience of women and girls to climate and security shocks
SP_D_0.7.a
Number of thematic interagency mechanisms/teams that effectively address gender mainstreaming in priority areas (CO, RO, HQ)
SP 5.13.1: Number of institutions of the justice and security sectors with strengthened capacity to mainstream gender perspectives and promote the rights of women and girls in conflict, post-conflict and other crisis situations
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_4.1B
SP 5.13.2: Number of sexual and gender-based violence justice experts deployed to national, regional and international accountability mechanisms(Not for country reporting)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_4.1C
SP 5.13.3: Number of civil society organizations and networks, directly supported by UN-Women to influence peace processes
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_4.1D
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_4.2A
SP 5.14.1: Percentage of humanitarian country cluster systems with dedicated gender expertise in countries with UN-Women humanitarian presence
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_4.2B
SP 5.14.2: Number of women's organizations or institutions supported by UN-Women to play a role in humanitarian response and recovery
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_4.2C
SP 5.14.3: Number of women and girls directly accessing UN-Women supported humanitarian services
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_4.3
Percentage of women and girls as direct beneficiaries in coordinated humanitarian responses (Not for unit reporting)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_4.4
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
SDG 1.5.1, 11.5.1, 13.1.1: Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population (Desk Review)
Women cohesion spaces are functional in refugee sites and high concentration zones in Niger
SP_D_0.4.c
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.4.d
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
Number of women accessing information, goods, resources and/or services through UNW supported platforms and programs in humanitarian and development settings (CO)
National, UN and Aid coordination mechanisms strengthened to identify, address and monitor the needs of women and girls for effective response during and post disaster
SP_D_0.7.b
GLOBAL/UNIT: Number of UN System coordination mechanisms in which UN-Women is actively engaged that drive progress on gender mainstreaming mandates and commitments at global, regional and country levels
New sources of Income and economic opportunities created for women and girls through targeted education & development of capacities/skills
SP_D_0.4.c
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
An enabling environment for implementation of WPS commitments is created in Niger
SP_D_4.2
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
Percentage of women mediators, negotiators, and signatories in major peace processes (Desk Review)
SP 1.1.1: Number of countries supported by UN-Women to contribute to the review theme of the Commission on the Status of Women through voluntary national presentations(Not for country reporting)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_6.1B
SP 1.1.2: Percentage of Member States expressing satisfaction with the support provided by UN-Women for the annual session of the Commission on the Status of Women(Not for country reporting)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_6.1C
SP 1.1.3: Number of countries supported by UN-Women that undertake a 25-year review and appraisal of the implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action(Not for country reporting)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_6.1D
SP 1.1.4: Percentage of UN Country Teams' CEDAW reports submitted with UN-Women's support (Not for country reporting)
Accountability frameworks exists for the implementation of the UN WPS agenda
SP_D_0.1.e
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.1.f
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.7.h
Number of Peacebuilding processes inclusive of young women supported by UN Women / UNFPA (CO)
Women’s leadership and political participation is promoted in the democratic governance system in Niger
SP_D_1.1
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
SDG 5.5.1: Proportion of seats held by women in (a) national parliaments, (b) local governments and (c) executive positions/ministers (cabinets) held by women (Desk Review)
SP 2.4.1: Number of gender equality reforms developed and/or being implemented by electoral stakeholders with UN-Women's technical support
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_1.1B
SP 2.4.2 : Number of women leaders, candidates and aspirants with strengthened capacities to engage in political life, with UN-Women's support
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_1.1C
SP 2.4.3: Number of gender equality initiatives developed and/or being implemented by parliamentary bodies (Legislative Parliamentary Committees/ Women Caucus/ Speaker of Parliament's Office/Secretariat of the Parliament), with UN-Women's support
2017 (B)2N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_1.1D
SP 2.4.4: Number of initiatives developed and/or being implemented to monitor violence against women in politics, with UN-Women's support
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_4.1
SDG 16.7.1: Proportions of positions in national and local institutions, including (a) the legislatures; (b) the public service; and (c) the judiciary, compared to national distributions, by sex, age, persons with disabilities and population groups in fragile, crisis or conflict-affected countries (or territories)
(UNDP) (Not for unit reporting)
Strengthen the technical capacity of women to competing for political and leadership positions.
SP_D_0.1.b
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
Percentage of UN Country Teams reports to the CEDAW Committee submitted (Desk Review)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.1.d
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
Number of partners that have increased capacities to promote/influence gender responsive legislation (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.1.e
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.1.h
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
Number of multi-stakeholder dialogue processes to promote engagement of governments with civil society and other partners to advance gender equality and women's empowerment (CO, RO, HQ)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.4.e
Number of countries with multi stakeholder initiatives in place to prevent and respond to sexual violence including sexual harassment in public and/or private spaces (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.5.a
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.5.c
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.5.d
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
The capacities of key administrative authorities (local and national) are strengthened on the gender budget
SP_D_0.1.d
In addition to results reported by UN Women field offices (shown here), results achieved in countries and territories through the United Nations Trust Fund to End Violence against Women (UNTF) are included in a non-duplicative manner in the global reporting on this indicator (see the Our Global Results page).
Number of partners that have increased capacities to promote/influence gender responsive legislation (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.1.f
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.2.e
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
Percent of gender responsive budget allocated in peacebuilding funding mechanisms (Desk Review)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.7.f
UN Women reports on this indicator in a global scope, signified by "(Desk Review)" at the end of the indicator statement (see the Our Global Results page for the global result)
Percentage of UN entities that track and report on allocations and/or expenditures on gender equality using gender equality markers and are allocating substantial resources to programmes with gender equality as their principal objective (derived from QCPR indicator 1.4.19) (Desk Review)
gender-sensitive data is collected in the area of entrepreneurship and political participation for knowledge management and policy development
SP_D_0.6.a
Number of inter-agency coordination mechanisms governing the production of multi-level disaggregated gender statistics and sex-disaggregated data, established or strengthened (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.6.b
Number of data producers and users with strengthened capacities in the collection, analysis, dissemination and use of gender statistics (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.6.c
Number of gender statistics and sex-disaggregated data collection initiatives, including in emerging areas conducted or analyzed (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.6.d
Number of platforms/web-based databases for dissemination of multi-level disaggregated gender statistics, sex-disaggregated data and knowledge developed (CO)
(B)-N/A
2022 (M)To be reported
2023 (M)To be reported
2024 (M)To be reported
2025 (T)To be reported
SP_D_0.6.e
Number of countries with institutionalized user-producer dialogues to increase accessibility, quality and demand for multi-level disaggregated gender statistics, sex-disaggregated data and knowledge (CO)
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).